A critical review and discussion of research based evidence relating Essay

A critical review and discussion of research based evidence relating to hand hygiene in community nursing hand washing versus the use of alcohol based hand gel - Essay Example The use of an alcohol-based hand gels is the next best option to soap and water. In fact, it is also highly recommended by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2003). Isopropyl and ethyl alcohol is proven to be effective in fighting against bacteria, tuberculosis, viruses, and fungi (Kozier 2004). In relation to hand washing, this paper will focus on discussion and the comparison of different research approaches in order to come up with evidences regarding the importance of hand washing in a community area, the use of an alcohol-based hand gels as an alternative to hand washing, and some of the health benefits that we could get from a simple hand washing with the use of either an ordinary or anti-bacterial soap. The four (4) research studies that I have included in this paper all ended up with the evidence that a simple hand washing with either an ordinary or an anti-bacterial soap and the maintenance of short and clean nails can help us stay in good health and free from a long list of infectious diseases such as upper respiratory diseases like colds and flu, and a mortality causing diseases like diarrhoea. In my research, I have included the importance of hand washing. Every nurse should know the exact reason why hand washing is very important in our chosen career. In line with this, we must have to be knowledgeable of the proper way of hand washing and the use of the alcohol-based hand gels. For this reason, I also have included the guidelines on hand washing and the use of the alcohol-based hand gels. There are four (4) research studies in this paper. Two (2) are evidenced-based practice showing that hand washing can prevent and minimize infectious diseases like colds and flu and diarrhoea. The third study will show that the use of the alcohol-based hand gels will increase the rate of hand washing compliance due to the convenience that comes with from using it. The last study proves that long nails could

Shipping Industry in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shipping Industry in the UK - Essay Example Ninety-five per cent of Britain's external trade by weight, (77% by value) moves by water. "The World Bank estimates that seaborne trade in Britain will increase by 4% a year over the next decade, yet UK ship ownership and registration have fallen substantially over the past 30 years and there seems to be a maritime staff crisis, with a decline in the number of qualified seafarers". http://www.kmcinternational.com/about_us/sector_profile.cfmid=14 The numbers of the UK seafarers are declining at a rate which is not only hazardous to the shipping industry itself, but this in turn will also affect the many other industries which employ the trained seafarers when they come ashore. There are about 17,000 such jobs available, these jobs range from surveying to shipbuilding and from marine equipment services to insurance - for many of these jobs the experience which seafarers have is essential. The moribund sea industry would leave the maritime related economy faltering. Recently, the British government has issued new taxation laws and these laws will not only indefinitely affect the shipping businesses in the UK but also the shipping mercantile which do business with Britain. Trade and shipping have been interconnected through the ages. Initially there was a 25% capital allowance and ... It is obvious that those tax- breaks were not cost-effective. In the July of 2000, the tonnage tax was introduced into the British shipping industry. Instead of charging ships to be taxed by the profits they made, ships started to be charged by their tonnage. It was of the collective opinion that this taxation was gravely needed by this particular industry to reverse the downward trend it was facing for the past 25 years. There were many suggestions to overturn this development but none actually came through. Then the head of Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions is a former seafarer by the name of John Prescott, who founded the Shipping Working Group. This group was supposed to help design a taxation policy in accordance with employers and unions - the Chamber with officers and ratings and the Government. They started working together on the campaign to reverse the decline and when everyone joined forces they managed to achieve speedy progress. In the March of 1998 the group reported to the Secretary of State and in December of 1998 John Prescott introduced what is known as "British Shipping: - charting a new course". http://www.british-shipping.org/british/delivering.htm The problem with the White Paper however was that there was no mention and no didn't have any solutions to the financial and economical problems of the British shipping industry - the industry couldn't compete with other nations, such as Norway, Germany, Greece and the Netherlands, who already had such policies in place. It merely suggested that the tonnage based tax system be reviewed. It was up to the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer to step up and solve the dilemma. In the March of 1999, in